Sannadihii u dambeeyay, alaabada poliurethane-ku waxay noqdeen kuwo caan ah, sida muraayadaha kaydinta qaboojiyaha ee ay soo saarto Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets ee Shiinaha, kuwaas oo ka samaysan walxaha polyurethane.
Guud ahaan, polyurethane waxa loo qaybin karaa heerkulbeegyo iyo heerkulbeeg, waxaana laga samayn karaa balaastikada poliurethane (badanaa balaastikada xumbo), fiilooyinka polyurethane (spandex), iyo elastomer polyurethane. Inta badan walxaha polyurethane waxaa lagu magacaabaa heerkulbeeye, sida jilicsan, adag iyo xumbo polyurethane-adag.
Dib-u-warshadaynta poliurethane waxay inta badan qaadataa hababka dib-u-warshadaynta jirka, sababtoo ah habkani waa mid waxtar leh oo dhaqaale leh. Gaar ahaan, waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex hab oo dib u warshadayn ah:
Habkani waa tignoolajiyada dib-u-warshadaynta ugu badan ee la isticmaalo. Xumbada poliurethane ee jilicsan waxaa lagu jajabiyaa dhowr sentimitir oo jajab ah by Furimaha Dagaalka, iyo xabagta poliurethane falcelinta ayaa lagu buufiyaa qasiyaha. Xabagta la isticmaalo guud ahaan waa isku darka xumbo polyurethane ama NCO oo joojisay prepolymer ku salaysan polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Markaad isticmaalayso xabagta ku salaysan PAPI ee isku xidhka iyo qaabaynta, isku darka uumiga sidoo kale waa la soo bandhigi karaa. Inta lagu jiro habka isku xidhka qashinka polyurethane, ku dar 90% qashinka polyurethane iyo 10% xabagta, si siman u walaaq, ama ku dar qaar ka mid ah midabada, ka dibna cadaadi isku dar ah.
Tiknooloojiyada isku-xidhka ah maaha oo kaliya inay leedahay dabacsanaan weyn, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay kala duwanaansho weyn oo ku saabsan sifooyinka farsamada ee alaabta ugu dambeysa. Habka dib-u-warshadaynta ugu guulaha badan ee alaabta poliurethane waa in la soo saaro xumbo polyurethane oo dib loo warshadeeyey iyada oo la isku xidhayo xumbo wasakh ah sida haraaga xumbo jilicsan, taas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo sida rooga dhabarka, gogosha ciyaaraha, alaabta lagu daboolo codka iyo alaabta kale. Qaybaha xumbo jilicsan iyo xabagta ayaa lagu qaabayn karaa alaabada sida suufka hoose ee baabuurka ee heerkul iyo cadaadis gaar ah; Adigoo isticmaalaya cadaadiska sare iyo heerkulka, qaybaha adag sida guryaha bamka ayaa la qaabayn karaa.
Xumbo poliurethane adag iyo duritaanka falcelinta (RIM) elastomer poliurethane sidoo kale dib ayaa loo warshadayn karaa isla habka. Isku qas walxaha qashinka iyo prepolymers isocyyanate ee samaynta cadaadis kulul, sida soo saarista tuubooyinka nidaamka kuleylinta dhuumaha. | 2,Qaabaynta cadaadiska kulul Kuleyliyaha xumbada jilicsan ee polyurethane iyo alaabta polyurethane ee RIM waxay leeyihiin waxyaabo jilicsan oo kulaylka iyo caagagga ah oo heerkulkiisu yahay 100-200 ℃. Heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska, qashinka polyurethane waa la isku dhejin karaa iyada oo aan la isticmaalin koollada. Si alaabta dib loo warshadeeyay looga dhigo mid la mid ah, inta badan waa lagama maarmaan in la burburiyo qashinka ka dibna la kululeeyo oo la cadaadiyo qaab ahaan.
Xaaladaha samaynta waxay ku xiran yihiin nooca qashinka polyurethane iyo alaabta dib loo warshadeeyay. Tusaale ahaan, qashinka jilicsan ee polyurethane waxaa lagu cadaadi karaa kulayl dhowr daqiiqo ah cadaadis ah 1-30MPa iyo heerkulka kala duwan ee 100-220 ° C si loo soo saaro shoogga shoogga, dhoobada, iyo qaybaha kale.
Habkan ayaa si guul leh loogu dabaqay dib-u-warshadaynta nooca RIM ee qaybaha baabuurta polyurethane. Tusaale ahaan, albaabbada albaabka baabuurka iyo baalaladaha qalabka waxaa lagu soo saari karaa qiyaastii 6% RIM polyurethane budada ah iyo 15% fiberglass. | 3,Loo isticmaalo buuxin ahaan Xumbo jilicsan ee poliurethane ayaa loo rogi karaa qaybo ganaax ah iyada oo la raacayo heerkulka hoose ee jajabinta ama habka qashinka, iyo kala firdhinta qaybahaas waxaa lagu daraa polyols si loo soo saaro xumbo poliurethane ama alaab kale, taas oo aan ka soo kaban oo kaliya qashinka poliurethane, laakiin sidoo kale si wax ku ool ah u yareeya qiimaha alaabta. Waxa ku jira budada jaban ee MDI ku salaysan qabow ee la daweeyay xumbo poliurethane dabacsan waxay ku kooban tahay 15%, iyo 25% budada jaban ayaa lagu dari karaa TDI ku salaysan xumbo kulul oo la daaweeyay inta badan.
Hal hab ayaa ah in lagu daro wasakhda wasakhda ah ee hore loo jarjaray ee loo yaqaan 'polyether polyol' xumbo jilicsan, ka dibna qoyan lagu shiidiyo warshad ku habboon si loo sameeyo isku-dar "polyol dib loo warshadeeyey" oo ka kooban qaybo yaryar oo lagu soo saaro xumbo jilicsan.
Waste RIM polyurethane waxaa lagu burburin karaa budo, lagu qasi karaa alaabta ceeriin, ka dibna waxaa lagu soo saari karaa elastomer RIM. Ka dib markii qashinka xumbada adag ee polyurethane iyo polyisocyanurate (PIR) qashinka xumbo xumbada la burburiyo, waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu daro 5% walxo dib loo warshadeeyey oo isku dhafan si loo soo saaro xumbo adag. |
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, hab cusub oo kiimiko ah ayaa soo baxay
Kooxda Jaamacadda Illinois ee uu hoggaamiyo Professor Steven Zimmerman ayaa soo saartay hab lagu dumiyo qashinka polyurethane oo loogu beddelo alaabooyin kale oo faa'iido leh.
Ardayga qalin jabiyay Ephraim Morado wuxuu rajeynayaa inuu dib u isticmaalo polymers-ka iyadoo loo marayo habab kiimiko si loo xalliyo dhibaatada qashinka polyurethane. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, poliurethane waxay leedahay xasillooni aad u sareysa waxayna ka samaysan tahay laba qaybood oo ay adag tahay in la burburiyo: isocyanates iyo polyols.
Polyols waa furaha dhibaatada, maadaama laga soo saaro batroolka oo aan si fudud u naafeynin. Si looga fogaado dhibaatadan, kooxda cilmi-baaristu waxay qaateen unug kiimiko ah oo si sahlan loo dumin karo iyo biyo-milmi kara. Alaabooyinka hoos u dhaca ee la sameeyay iyadoo lagu milmay polymers leh trichloroacetic acid iyo dichloromethane heerkulka qolka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa soo saarista walxo cusub. Sida caddaynta fikradda, Morado wuxuu u rogi karaa elastomers si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo baakadaha iyo qaybaha baabuurta oo u beddelo koolada.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilladda ugu weyn ee habkan cusub ee dib u warshadaynta ayaa ah qiimaha iyo sunta alaabta ceeriin ee loo isticmaalo falcelinta. Sidaa darteed, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay hadda isku dayayaan in ay helaan hab ka wanaagsan oo ka jaban si loo gaaro isla habkaas iyaga oo isticmaalaya dareeraha khafiifka ah sida khalka si loo burburiyo.
Mustaqbalka, dhismaha Harbin Dong'anxaashidas shirkadWaxa kale oo ay si dhow ula socon doontaa hal-abuurka warshadaha oo ay sii wadi doonto maalgashiga tignoolajiyada iyo tignoolajiyada ilaalinta deegaanka, si joogto ah ikhtiraacida si loo sameeyo muraayadaha poliurethane ee Dong'an mid deegaan ahaan u saaxiib ah oo caafimaad qaba. Waxaan sidoo kale aaminsanahay in ay jiri doonaan tignoolajiyada ilaalinta deegaanka ee cusub oo mustaqbalka dhalan doona mustaqbalka.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-09-2023